胰腺癌新辅助化疗后行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的难点及对策

胰腺癌新辅助化疗在临床应用愈加广泛。对于新辅助化疗后病人，腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术是否安全有效，尚无研究。胰腺癌新辅助化疗后，肿瘤局部纤维结缔组织的炎症会导致缺乏良好组织间隙，解剖分离困难，因此微创手术的难点在于切除过程，而重建相对固定且成熟，很少会受到新辅助化疗的影响。新辅助化疗后，影像学评估肿瘤退缩效果往往不明显，更多的在于对肿瘤标记物等反应肿瘤生物学指标的控制。手术合并血管切除重建的比例相对较高，但得益于3D腹腔镜高清晰度和放大的手术视野，有利受侵犯血管的切除和重建。新辅助化疗后腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术与开放手术相比，长期生存率是否存在差异，尚需前瞻性、大样本、多中心随机对照临床试验加以验证。     

An autopsy case report of aortic dissection complicated with histiolymphocytic pericarditis and aortic inflammation after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

A male in his 90 s consulted a doctor because he experienced several days of general fatigue and dyspnea. He was diagnosed with heart failure, and diuretic medications taken for 3 days relieved his symptoms. However, he was found dead on the morning of the fourth day after consultation. He had received a third dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine approximately 2 weeks before death. An autopsy revealed dissection of the ascending aorta and pericardial hemotamponade. The heart showed a white villous surface, and the pericardium was fibrously thick. Microscopic examination revealed pericarditis with predominantly macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration. These histological findings were compatible with those of post-vaccination myocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, histopathologically proven pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination has not been reported. In the present case, extended inflammation of the aortic adventitia was a possible cause of aortic wall fragility followed by dissection.     

What is the impact of zinc deficiency for pancreatectomies in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?

Backgroundand purpose: Zinc is an essential element for human health and plays an important role in metabolic, immunological and other biological processes. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the perioperative clinical course in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsOf 216 patients with PDAC who underwent elective pancreatectomy between 2013 and 2017 at our institution, 206 patients with sufficient clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The perioperative variables were compared and the risk factors associated with infectious complications were identified.ResultsZD was preoperatively present in 36 (17.5%) of 206 patients with PDAC. In the patients of the ZD group, a higher proportion of males, higher preoperative modified Glasgow prognostic scores, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a higher occurrence of postoperative infectious complications after pancreatectomy were observed, compared to the non-ZD group. By a univariate analysis, three risk factors were significantly associated with infectious complications after pancreatectomy: ZD (vs non-ZD: p = 0.002), serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (vs ≥ 3.5 g/dl: p = 0.005), and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (vs others: p = 0.013). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of infectious complications was significantly associated with ZD (OR 3.430, 95%CI 1.570 to 7.490, p = 0.002) and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR 2.030, 95%CI 1.090 to 3.770, p = 0.025).ConclusionsThe current study newly demonstrated that ZD could serve as a preoperative predictor of infectious complications after pancreatectomies in the patients with PDAC.     

多学科会诊模式在结肠癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的分析多学科会诊(MDT)模式对结肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复及并发症的效果评价。方法将2017年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者作为对照组,给予常规干预措施;将2018年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者为观察组,采取MDT模式干预。比较两组患者的胃肠功能恢复情况及一般围手术期指标;干预前和干预后2周,采用世界卫生组织生存质量评估量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估两组患者的生活质量;术后3天,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者腹胀发生情况;比较两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、禁食时间、伤口愈合时间、住院时间、术后下床时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后2周,两组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均高于本组干预前,且观察组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3天,观察组患者的腹胀程度低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为6.0%,低于对照组患者的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论MDT模式干预可促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,缩短伤口愈合时间及住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率,并改善了患者的生活质量。     

近红外荧光成像技术在外科手术中的研究进展

作为术中导航的新兴领域,近红外荧光(near-infrared fluorescence,NIRF)成像技术能借助荧光探针对特定的生物组织进行显像,从而在外科手术中实时获取血管、淋巴管和特定组织的视觉信息,从而发现传统方法无法识别的微小灶,正确显示肿瘤切缘,帮助外科医生进行术中决策。该技术由于其操作简单,快速实时,安全无害,具有良好的应用前景。本文将就NIRF成像技术的基本原理,在实时引导肿瘤切除,前哨淋巴结定位,保护正常解剖结构等方面的临床进展进行综述,并且讨论了该技术的局限性和优势并展望其应用前景。